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Record W4367551498 · doi:10.37232/sp.1993.2-3.4

"Rada i zgoda" Senatu USA w postępowaniu nominacyjnym

2023· article· pl· W4367551498 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Ryszard M. Małajny

Bibliographic record

VenueStudia Prawnicze / The Legal Studies · 2023
Typearticle
Languagepl
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAmerican Constitutional Law and Politics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsConstitutionPoliticsLawForeign policyCommonwealthAnnalsParliamentPolitical scienceConventionHumanitiesClassicsHistoryPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Bibliografia Bestor A., Separation of powers in the domain of foreign affairs. The intent of the constitution historically examined, „Seton Hall Law Review” 1974, t. 5, nr 3. Bradshaw K., Pring D., Parliament and Congress, London 1972. Brown B.H., Jr., Congress and the Department of State, „The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science” 1953, t. 289, s. 100-107. Bryce J., The American Commonwealth. Vol. I, New York 1905 (1893). Cheever Vide D.S., Haviland H.F., American Foreign Policy and the Separation of Powers, Cambridge, Mass. Corwin E.S., The Constitution and What It Means Today, Princeton University Press, Princeton-New York 1954. Corwin E.S., The President. Office and Powers 1787-1957. History and Analysis of Politics and Opinion, New York University Press, New York 1957. Crabb C.V., Jr., Holt P.M., Invitation to Struggle. Congress, the President and Foreign Policy, Congressional Quarterly Press, Washington, D.C. 1980. Crabb C.V., Jr., The Role of Congress in Foreign Relations [w:] R.C. Moe (red.), Congress and the President. Allies and Adversaries, Goodyear, Pacific Palisades 1971. Davis J.W., Ringquist D., The President and Congress. Toward a New Power Balance, Barron's Educational Series, Woodbury-New York 1975. Farrand Vide M. (red.), The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787. Vol. I, Yale University Press, New Haven- London 1937. Farrand Vide M. (red.), The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787. Vol. II, Yale University Press, New Haven- London 1937. Fisher L., Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and the President, Princeton University, Princeton-New York 1985. Fisher L., The Constitution between Friends. Congress, The President, and the Law, St. Martin's press, New York 1978. Franck T.M., Weisband E., Foreign Policy by Congress, Oxford University Press, New York-Oxford 1979. Fulbright J.W., Congress and Foreign Policy [w:] R.C. Moe (red.), Congress and the President. Allies and Adversaries, Goodyear, Pacific Palisades 1971. Gallagher H.G., Advise and Obstruct. The Role of the United States Senate in Foreign Policy Decisions, New York. Gebert S., Kongres Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków-Gdańsk 1981. Gillette G.M., The Senate in Foreign Relations, „The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science” 1953 t. 89. Hamilton A., The Federalist. A Commentary of the Constitution of the United State, New York 1937. Johnson L.K., The Making of International Agreements. Congress Confronts the Executive, New York University Press, New York-London 1984. Kański L., Kompetencje Kongresu w zakresie kształtowania polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki. Studium prawno-konstytucyjne, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań 1982. Małajny R.M., Doktryna podziału władzy „Ojców Konstytucji”, Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice 1985. Mansfield M., The Meaning of the Term „Advice and Consent ”, „The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science” 1953 t. 289, nr 1. Mason A.T., Beaney W.M., American Constitutional Law, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New York 1968. Munro W.B., The Government of the United States. National, State and Local, New York 1946. Pullo A., Prezydent a Kongres USA w świetle konstytucyjnych zasad podziału i równoważenia władz, UG, Gdańsk 1986. Pyle C.H., Pious R.M., The President Congress, and the Constitution. Power and Legitimacy in American Politics, New York-London 1984. Rystad G. Vide, From the „Imperial Presidency” to Neo-Congressional Government? Congress and American Foreign Policy in the 1970s [w:] G. Rystad (red.), Congress and American Foreign Policy, Lund 1981. Rystad G., The Separation of Powers and the Foreign Policy Process. The Provisions of the U.S. Constitution and Their Implementation [w:] J.L. Justyński (red.), Konstytucja Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki w perspektywie nauk historycznych i prawnych, TNT, Toruń 1988. Schlesinger A.M., The Imperial Presidency, Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1973. Sokolewicz W., Prezydentura i administracja [w:] W. Sokolewicz (red.), Instytucje polityczno-prawne Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo PAN, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków-Gdańsk 1977. Sparkman J., Checks and Balances in American Foreign Relations, „Indiana Law Journal” 1977, t. 52, nr 2. Sparkman J.J., The Role of the Senate in Determining Foreign Policy [w:] N.S. Preston (red.), The Senate Institution, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York-Cincinnati-Toronto-London- Melbourne 1969. Szyszkowski W., Traktaty a prawo wewnętrzne w systemie prawnym Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń 1964. Vile M.J.C., Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1969. White L.D., The Federalists. A Study in Administrative History 1789-1801, Collier-Macmillan Ltd., New York-London 1965. Wilcox F.O., Congress, The Executive and Foreign Policy, Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by Harper & Row, New York-Evanston, Ill.-San Francisco-London 1971. Wilson W., Congressional Government, New York 1956.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesScience and technology studies
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.808
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0060.008
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.005

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.060
GPT teacher head0.366
Teacher spread0.306 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueStudia Prawnicze / The Legal StudiesSame topicAmerican Constitutional Law and PoliticsFrench-language works237,207