Embedded Near-Field Probing Antenna for Enhancing the Performance of 37–41-GHz Linear and Dual-Polarized Phased Antenna Arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter proposes a new wideband near-field (NF) probing antenna embedded in millimeter-phased antenna arrays to produce the feedback signals necessary for carrying-out array calibration and digital pre-distortion (DPD) training. Specifically, the topology and layout of the proposed NF probing antenna are carefully devised to avoid disturbing the antenna array’s radiation pattern while providing a coupling to its surrounding antenna elements with flat magnitude and constant group delay in both vertical and horizontal polarizations. Moreover, the proposed NF probing antenna size is optimized to cope with the constrained spacing between the antenna elements (e.g.,$\lambda b /2$antenna spacing). Proof-of-concept prototypes of a$2 \times 2$dual-polarized passive and a$4 \times 4$linear-polarized active antenna arrays with embedded NF probing antenna(s) operating over the frequency band of 37–41 GHz were designed. Moreover, a$4 \times 4$linear-polarized antenna array without NF probing antennas was also fabricated to serve as a benchmark. The measurement confirmed the negligible impact of the NF probing antennas on the antenna array’s radiation pattern. Furthermore, the embedded NF probing antennas were successfully used to train a DPD function which then enabled the effective isotropic radiated power to be increased from 32 to 34.1 dBm while maintaining an error vector magnitude (EVM) below 3.5%.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".