Bibliographic record
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, associated with invasive (e.g. bacteraemia, meningitis) and non-invasive (e.g. community-acquired respiratory tract) infections. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is an ongoing threat to global health, with severe socio-economic impacts, and MDR S. pneumoniae is a potentially emerging concern amongst IPD. This Supplement to the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (JAC) comprises five articles that provide a comprehensive examination of the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance, serotype distribution, genotypic relatedness and virulence of invasive S. pneumoniae isolates obtained across Canada over a 10 year period of the SAVE study. SAVE is an ongoing, annual, national study between the Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA) and the National Microbiology Laboratory, focused on characterizing invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae obtained across Canada. Some very interesting findings of this national survey, covering the period between 2011 and 2015, have been published in a previous supplement of JAC (Vol. 73, Suppl 7, July 2018). Although the 14 138 invasive isolates of the current study exhibited consistent in vitro susceptibility, and the vaccine coverage of MDR pneumococcal serotypes was high, the increasing diversity of serotypes observed among the MDR isolates over time has shown the ability of the pathogen to evolve rapidly. Additionally, PCV15 and PCV20 pneumococcal vaccines, compared with PCV13, covered more IPD isolates, both overall or when stratified by patient age, region, sex, individual antimicrobial resistance phenotypes or MDR phenotype. The data presented highlight the evolution of S. pneumoniae under the pressure of vaccination and antimicrobial usage, as well as the vaccine coverage against IPD strains. Therefore, the articles allow clinicians and researchers to view the current status of invasive pneumococcal infections in Canada with, potentially, an insight into both national and global trends. Finally, the survey underlines the need for continued genomic surveillance of S. pneumoniae in order to monitor the appearance of new and evolving lineages. The SAVE study was supported in part by the University of Manitoba; Shared Health Manitoba, the National Microbiology Laboratory-Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC-NML); Merck Canada Inc. and Pfizer Canada Inc. None to declare.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.640 | 0.477 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".