The Diagnostic Value of Delayed-Type Reactions to Perennial Aeroallergens for Atopic Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Background: Delayed-type reactions to aeroallergens have been observed, however, their clinical significance continues to be debated. Objective: We assessed the prevalence and significance of delayed-type reactions to aeroallergens in atopic patients. Methods: Retrospective study including 266 patients with history or evidence of atopic disease (atopic dermatitis [AD], allergic rhinitis, and/or allergic asthma) and tested via either the intradermal skin test (IDT) or atopy patch test for common aeroallergens, specifically house dust mites ( Dermatophagoides farinae , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ) and perennial molds ( Aspergillus fumigatus , Penicillium notatum ). All patients were tested via IDT with both immediate (15 minute) and delayed (2 and 4 days) readings. Delayed reading was considered positive if the IDT injection site demonstrated at least 5 mm induration 48 hours after inoculation. Results: In total, 195 (73.3%) patients demonstrated an immediate-type reaction, whereas 118 (44.4%) had a delayed-type reaction. In total, 75 (28.2%) patients experienced both immediate- and delayed-type reactions, 43 (16.2%) reacted delayed-type only, and 85.3% of delayed-type reactions to individual aeroallergens were associated with eczematous lesions predominantly in air-exposed areas. Conclusion: Delayed-type reactions to aeroallergens are prevalent and clinically significant as a component of extrinsic AD and atopic diseases. The data support delayed reading of the IDT to guide diagnosis and management in these patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".