Accuracy Assessment for Equilibrium Dissociation Constant Using a Single Binding Isotherm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) characterizes stability of non-covalent molecular complexes. Determining Kd for highly stable complexes may be extremely inaccurate if the ratio between the concentration of the limiting component (L0) and the a priori unknown value of Kd exceeds an unknown threshold value (aka threshold ratio). The only known approach to reveal this kind of inaccuracy in Kd requires building multiple experimental binding isotherms; it is resource intensive and, therefore, used very rarely. Here we introduce a single-isotherm approach for assessing Kd accuracy via determining the value of L0/Kd, estimating the threshold ratio, and comparing L0/Kd to the threshold ratio. In this proof-of-concept work, we present the theoretical basis and develop a step-by-step algorithm for our single-isotherm approach. We also demonstrate the experimental use of the developed algorithm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".