Generating ultrashort visible light pulses based on multidimensional solitary states in gas-filled hollow core fiber
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multidimensional solitary states (MDSS) are self-sustaining light wave packets confined in multiple dimensions in multimode fibers. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of MDSS, driven by a few hundreds of femtoseconds (fs) of long frequency doubled pulses from a Titanium:Sapphire chirped pulsed amplifier in a nitrous oxide-filled hollow core fiber (HCF). The MDSS output, resulting from intermodal interactions in a Raman-active gas-filled large core diameter HCF, features a broadband, red-shifted spectrum in the visible spectral region with a characteristic negative quadratic spectral phase. Therefore, the output with broadband spectra and negative chirp results in the generation of sub-30 fs pulses upon propagation through glass windows and a spectral filter. Backed with experimental observations and multidimensional simulations, we demonstrate that the sign of the frequency chirp of input pulses influences the spectral broadening in the HCF in the high gas-dispersion regime. We observed that the MDSS red-shifted pulses have a clean spatial profile. Therefore, the experimental requirements on the input beam size and quality to achieve a clean MDSS beam profile at the output of large core HCFs can be relaxed. Hence, this work extends the validation of the MDSS phenomenon toward the ultraviolet-visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus providing an alternate source with a clean spatial beam profile for various applications in the field of ultrafast spectroscopy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".