Successful blood transfusion in a Holstein cow experiencing hemorrhagic shock under general anesthesia.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 2-year-old Holstein cow weighing 530 kg at 2 mo gestation was scheduled for a paracostal laparotomy and abomasotomy following diagnosis of a reticular foreign body causing obstruction and abomasal impaction. Hemorrhagic shock occurred during surgery, with a rapid, approximately 60% decrease in arterial blood pressure, and reflex tachycardia with a 2-fold increase in heart rate. Following identification of hemorrhagic shock, arterial blood pressure was supported by reducing the inhalant anesthetic requirement, positive inotropic support (IV dobutamine infusion), and IV fluid therapy. Hypertonic saline was administered IV for initial resuscitation of arterial blood pressure, followed by a whole blood transfusion to replenish red blood cells, support oxygencarrying capacity, and provide intravascular volume to maintain cardiac output and tissue perfusion. A gradual increase in arterial blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate were observed in response to treatment. This case report demonstrates the physiologic compensatory response to hemorrhagic shock and the treatment to stabilize cardiovascular parameters in an anesthetized cow. Key clinical message: This case illustrates the physiological reponses to acute hemorrhage under general anesthesia and the effects of various treatment interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".