Effects of supervised physical exercise on emotions among adults with a diagnostic of borderline personality disorder: A series of mixed method single-case experimental trials combined with ecological momentary assessment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by an instability of goals, self-image, interpersonal relationships, and affects. It is thought to be shaped around emotional dysregulation. Physical exercise is an effective way to improve emotional regulation in individuals both with and without mental disorder. However, to this day no study examined the effect of regular physical exercise on emotion regulation in adults with BPD. This study used a series of single case experimental design (A-B-A) combined with ecological momentary assessment and individual interviews to explore and analyze the effect of physical exercise on emotion regulation in adults with BPD. Emotions of participants were monitored thrice daily with an app that prompted them to report their emotions on a 0-100 analogue scale. Both A phases lasted 2 weeks (control measurement) and the B phase (intervention) lasted 4 weeks (3 1-hour supervised sessions of physical exercise weekly). Emotion related data were analyzed by piecewise linear regression and qualitative data with thematic analysis. Seven women with BPD on a waitlist for treatment completed this study and five of them participated in the interviews. Three participants showed an increase in positive emotions and four participants showed a decrease in negative emotions throughout the study. Interindividual analyses confirm these results with a greater decrease of negative emotions during the intervention. No significant effect was found on emotion variability. Participants reported enjoying the exercise program and the trainer they were assigned. Trainers’ characteristics were among the reasons of their adhesion to the program. Finally, participants also reported being less reactive and more patient when encountering irritating or stressing events. In conclusion, adult women with BPD found physical exercise acceptable, it decreased their negative emotions and reactivity to psychological stressors. It could therefore be used in addition to usual treatment to help alleviate BPD symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".