Solar Hydrocarbons: Single‐Step, Atmospheric‐Pressure Synthesis of C<sub>2</sub>−C<sub>4</sub> Alkanes and Alkenes from CO<sub>2</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) spinel has been found to produce C 2 −C 4 hydrocarbons in a single‐step, ambient‐pressure, photocatalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 with a rate of 1.1 mmol g −1 h −1 , selectivity of 29.8 % and conversion yield of 12.9 %. On stream the CoFe 2 O 4 reconstructs to a CoFe−CoFe 2 O 4 alloy‐spinel nanocomposite which facilitates the light‐assisted transformation of CO 2 to CO and hydrogenation of the CO to C 2 −C 4 hydrocarbons. Promising results obtained from a laboratory demonstrator bode well for the development of a solar hydrocarbon pilot refinery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".