THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NON-COVID-19 COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic could impact frequency and mortality of non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Changes in frequency, patient mix, treatment, and organ dysfunction could cascade together to increase mortality of CAP during compared to pre-COVID-19. METHODS Hospitalized CAP patients at St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada pre- (fiscal years 2018/2019 and 2019/2020) and during COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021 and 2021/2022) were evaluated. RESULTS In 5219 CAP patients, there was no significant difference pre-versus during pandemic in mean age, gender and Charlson co-morbidity score. However, hospital mortality increased significantly from pre-versus during COVID-19 (7.5% versus 12.1% respectively, [95% CI for difference: 3.0-6.3%], p<0.001), a 61% relative increase, coincident with increases in ICU admission (18.3% versus 25.5% respectively, [95% CI for difference: 5.0-9.5%] p<0.001, 39% relative increase) and ventilation (12.7% versus 17.5%, respectively, [95% CI for difference: 2.8-6.7%] p<0.001, 38% relative increase). Results remained the same after regression adjustment for confounders. CAP hospital admissions decreased 27% from pre- (n=1349 and 1433, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 respectively) versus the first COVID-19 pandemic year (n=1047 in 2020/2021) then rose to pre-pandemic number (n=1390 in 2021/2022). During pre-pandemic years, CAP admissions peaked in winter; during COVID-19, the CAP admissions peaked every six months. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in hospital mortality, ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation rates of non-COVID-19 CAP and a transient, one year frequency decrease. There was no winter seasonality of CAP during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Future pandemic planning for CAP hospital care is needed. What is already known on this topic The COVID-19 pandemic could impact frequency and mortality of non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). No prior study has examined this hypothesis. What this study adds The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in hospital mortality, ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation rates of non-COVID-19 CAP and a transient, one year frequency decrease. There was no winter seasonality of CAP during the COVID-19 pandemic era. How this study might affect research, practice or policy Future pandemic planning for CAP hospital care is needed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".