Surface Ferromagnetism of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> Nanoparticles Revealed by <i>Operando</i> Magnetoelectrochemical Measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In view of the long-standing controversy over the surface ferromagnetism of $\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{O}$, we propose to prepare its nanoparticles based on the lithium-battery reaction mechanism and carry out operando magnetometry measurements. This operando magnetoelectrochemical technology allows accurate magnetic detection of electrochemical synthesis products, effectively avoiding various intractable surface reactions during sample transmission processes. Due to the large surface area of nanosized $\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{O}$, the magnetometry measurements show strong ferromagnetism and a high Curie temperature of 754 K, which can be attributed to surface frustration and the surface-bulk exchange interaction. These critical results confirm the surface ferromagnetism of $\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{O}$ and provide valuable insights toward the design of spintronic devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".