Identifying the Absence of Knowledge Using Bibliometric Analysis: The Case of the “Bad Behavior Index”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are various hypotheses as to why some nations are more developed than others, including political instability, corruption, and exclusive institutions.However, one hypothesis that has not been extensively studied is the impact of 'bad behavior' on development.To test the validity of such hypothesis, a composite index must be developed to quantify such behavior, and facilitate for the study of its impact on development.This study aims to lay the foundation for the development of such index by conducting a bibliometric analysis of Scopus and Web of Science databases to determine if a quantitative measure of this concept already exists.This study employs a bibliometric and content analysis of these databases using Excel, VOSviewer, and R software.The results of such analysis indicate the absence of such a composite measure, thereby providing sufficient evidence that the construction of a 'Bad Behavior Index' is justified.Regarding the research contribution, the study offers an improved methodology for conducting bibliometric analysis by integrating and analyzing two journal databases instead of one, and using three different mediums and methods to identify the absence of knowledge, and provide a justification for the creation of such knowledge.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Other design | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.021 | 0.099 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.068 | 0.071 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".