Synthesis and Its Application as Packaging of Bioplastic from Rice Huck Cellulose Citrate Using Chitosan and Sorbitol Plasticizers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cellulose citrate was synthesized from rice huck cellulose.The extraction process used were maceration, delignification, hydrolysis, and bleaching.Cellulose citrate was synthesized through an esterification reaction between cellulose and citric acid and characterized using FTIR.FTIR results showed that there were two main peaks found in the modification of cellulose citrate, the hydroxyl group (-OH) at 3442.94 cm -1 and ester group (C=O) at 1741.72 cm -1 .Cellulose citrate was reacted with chitosan and sorbitol plasticizer to produce bioplastics.The resulting product was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Universal Testing Machine (UTM).The mechanical properties of bioplastics were tested using the ASTM D638 method.The optimum bioplastic at the 0.3 M of citric acid concentration, and 10.76 MPa tensile strength and 4.08% of elongation.The bioplastics can be degraded within 21 days and mass of loss of 10.04%, a degradation rate of 0.0010 g/day and 192 days complete degradation time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".