SIAST: A Slot Imbalance-Aware Self-Training Scheme for Semi-Supervised Slot Filling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Slot filling where labelled data are scarce could leverage the recent advances in self-training methods. However, existing self-training models ignore the prevalent imbalanced slot distribution problem in many slot filling datasets. These methods could exacerbate label imbalance during learning iterations, resulting in poorer performance in minority slot classes, which is crucial in many dialogue systems applications. To solve this, we propose a novel self-training scheme for imbalanced slot filling that aims to learn unbiased margins between slot classes while mitigating potential slot confusion, and adaptively samples pseudo-labelled data to balance the slot distribution of the training set. Experimental results show that our method achieves significant improvement on the minority slots, while also setting the new state-of-the-art for semi-supervised slot filling tasks.<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".