A Tutorial on the Basics of Time-Varying Electromagnetic Systems and Circuits: Historic overview and basic concepts of time-modulation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the last decade, possibilities to realize new phenomena and create new applications by varying system properties in time have gained increasing attention in many research fields. Although the interest in using time-modulation techniques for engineering electromagnetic (EM) response has become revitalized only in recent years, the field originates from the middle of the previous century, and a multitude of works have been published ever since. In this tutorial article, we provide a historical picture and review the basic concepts in this field. In particular, we introduce the general theory of linear time-varying (LTV) systems and discuss the means to properly account for frequency dispersion of nonstationary systems. Also, we elucidate models of time-varying electrical circuits and materials and discuss some useful effects that can be achieved by time modulation of circuit or material parameters.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it