Cross-anisotropic stiffness characteristics of a compacted lateritic clay from very small to large strains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lateritic clay is widely distributed in tropical and subtropic regions, with distinct engineering properties from other clays. Its stiffness properties, which are often anisotropic and crucial for analysing the serviceability limit state of earthen structures, have not been well understood. This study investigated the cross-anisotropic stiffness of compacted lateritic clay through comprehensive isotropic compression and consolidated drained and undrained shear tests. Both vertically and horizontally cut specimens were tested using triaxial apparatus equipped with bender elements and local strain measurements. The results show that compared with other clays, the lateritic clay shows a weaker dependency of shear modulus to confining pressure, a higher shear modulus at the same confining pressure, and a higher degradation rate of stiffness with strain. The lateritic clay behaves like granular material due to its large-size aggregated microstructure and 42% sand content. The widely used correlations between stiffness parameters and plasticity index seem unsuitable for it. Furthermore, the elastic shear modulus in the vertical direction is slightly higher than that in the horizontal direction, and the anisotropy evolves during shearing. A complete set of cross-anisotropic stiffness parameters for both effective and total stress analysis were determined. They are useful for developing constitutive models and analysing earth structures' serviceability involving lateritic soils.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".