Phenology and social status of the endemic Sable Island Sweat Bee, <i>Lasioglossum sablense</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Sable Island Sweat Bee ( Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sablense Gibbs, 2010) is endemic to Sable Island, an isolated sandbar located about 160 km east of Nova Scotia. L. sablense is classified as Threatened due to its restricted geographic distribution, so promoting its conservation requires detailed information about nesting phenology and behaviour. We combined measurements and dissections of adult females collected in 2016 and 2017 with behavioural observations of nests and foragers on the grounds of the Sable Island Station in 2019 and 2022, to compile the first description of flight phenology and social status. Like many members of its subgenus, L. sablense exhibits a diphasic life history. Phase 1 begins when large adult females emerge from hibernation, begin burrow and brood cell construction, and forage to provision Brood 1, which comprises both daughters and sons. Most, but not all, nests initiated during Phase 1, reactivate during Phase 2, as adult Brood 1 daughters emerge from their nests and initiate foraging to provision Brood 2. This suggests a mix of univoltine (single generation) and bivoltine (two generation) reproductive strategies. Behavioural observations at nest entrances demonstrated that during Phase 2, reactivated nests sometimes contained multiple adult females, suggesting the potential for colonies to become social. Comparisons of body size and ovarian status of Phase 1 and 2 females collected from flowers, showed Phase 2 foragers were significantly smaller than Phase 1 foragers and had somewhat lower levels of ovarian development, as expected if Phase 2 females were workers from eusocial nests. However, five large females collected during Phase 2, which had high levels of wear, likely were Phase 1 foundresses that resumed foraging during Phase 2. Taken together, these observations suggest a mix of phenological and social strategies, including both univoltine and bivoltine life histories, and a mix of solitary and social behaviour among reactivated colonies in Phase 2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".