Oral prednisone regulates human skin T cells in delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction elicited by diphencyprone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background The potential benefit of inducing delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in healthy volunteers (HVs) as experimental models to study skin inflammatory disorders was recently reported using bulk molecular technologies. Immunophenotype of skin T cells, including cellular source of Type 1, 2, and 3 cytokines, in a local DTH reaction and their modulation by oral drugs remain to be investigated. Method Purified protein derivative (PPD), nickel, diphencyprone (DPCP), or house dust mite (HDM) was administered as sensitizer to 40 HVs. In addition, 20 HVs were randomized to receive oral prednisone or placebo before DPCP challenge. We characterized the immunophenotype and cytokine profile of CD3 + T cell infiltrate, and examined the modulation by oral prednisone at single‐cell level using multiparameter flow cytometry and unsupervised analysis. Results PPD was biased toward a Th1 and Tc1 response, and HDM a Th2/Th17 and Tc2. Nickel and DPCP displayed a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 and Tc1 response. CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs), the minor CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 − ICOS + PD‐1 + (activated PD‐1 + Th), and CD103 + tissue resident memory (TRM) cells were detected in all groups. DPCP uniquely elicited rare CD8 + CD103 + CD25 + RoRγt + PD‐1 + ICOS + IFNγ + T cells (activated CD8 + IFNγ + PD‐1 + TRM). Oral prednisone decreased frequencies of activated PD‐1 + Th and CD8 + IFNγ + PD‐1 + TRM subsets relative to placebo in DPCP reaction. The latter was positively correlated with improvement of clinical parameters with prednisone. Conclusion DTH and skin CD3 + T cell profiles elicited by common sensitizers can be modulated by oral drugs. Corticosteroids reduce the frequencies of activated PD‐1 + Th and CD8 + IFNγ + PD‐1 + TRM cells after DPCP exposure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".