Combined Double-Barrel Superficial Temporal Artery to M4 Bypass and Parent Artery Occlusion for the Treatment of Complex Intracranial Aneurysms in Internal Carotid Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery: A Retrospective Case Series
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Very little research has been conducted to assess the efficacy of combined double-barrel superficial temporal artery (STA) to M4 bypass and parent artery occlusion (PAO) in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether this operation could become a reasonable flow replacement therapy and have longer-term benefits. METHODS: A series of double-barrel STA-M4 bypasses performed between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed. Preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), computed tomography perfusion (CTP), and balloon test occlusion were routinely performed for a thorough evaluation of individual benefits and risks. After bypass, the proximal end of the parent artery was permanently occluded with the coil. Augmentation and patency of STA were reassessed by postoperative DSA, CTA, and CTP. The blood flow volume of STA was measured by ultrasound at admission and a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: This study included 12 consecutive patients (5 males, 7 females) who successfully underwent double-barrel STA-M4 bypass, including 8 complex aneurysms in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and 4 in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Postoperative angiography and CTP suggested that all the STAs were patent, and there was a significant improvement in perfusion after the operation ( P < .05). Ultrasonic measurement at the 3-month follow-up showed that the blood flow provided by STA was 76.3 to 190.5 mL/min. Postoperative ischemia was found in 1 patient, but she recovered after treatment. CONCLUSION: Double-barrel STA to M4 bypass can provide adequate flow for the parent artery area, which may be a reasonable flow replacement therapy for some complex intracranial aneurysms in ICA and MCA.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it