Relationship between external factors and development of regionalvariation (<i>vosotros</i> vs. <i>ustedes</i>)by L2 learners of Spanish in Spain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter focuses on the impact of three key programmatic features – program type, housing condition, and program length – on the development of a geographically variable feature, the second-person plural forms of address (i.e., vosotros / ustedes distinction) by second language learners of Spanish studying abroad in Madrid, Spain. Additionally, we compare the use of both vosotros and ustedes to a local Madrileño speaker baseline. To measure the use of vosotros and ustedes , the participants completed an oral discourse completion task. While the results of the study point to an increase in vosotros production among all participants, the students enrolled in a service-learning program, living with a host family, and participating in a long-term program significantly increased their use of vosotros .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".