Review: <i>Line of Blood and Dirt: Creating the Canada-United States Border across Indigenous Lands</i>, by Benjamin Hoy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Book Review| May 01 2023 Review: Line of Blood and Dirt: Creating the Canada-United States Border across Indigenous Lands, by Benjamin Hoy Line of Blood and Dirt: Creating the Canada-United States Border across Indigenous Lands. By Benjamin Hoy. (New York, Oxford University Press, 2021. 344 pp.) David-Paul B. Hedberg David-Paul B. Hedberg Outdoor History Consulting Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2023) 92 (2): 316–317. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.316 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation David-Paul B. Hedberg; Review: Line of Blood and Dirt: Creating the Canada-United States Border across Indigenous Lands, by Benjamin Hoy. Pacific Historical Review 1 May 2023; 92 (2): 316–317. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.316 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search I’ll look at Peace Arch Park at the Canada-U.S. border differently the next time I pass by to see my family living on the other side. Benjamin Hoy’s Line of Blood and Dirt: Creating the Canada–United States Border Across Indigenous Lands is both an important contribution to the scholarship of borderlands and more broadly to Canadian and U.S. history. Readers of Hoy’s book will come to see the border as a colonial tool for the mass starvation of indigenous people; as a calculated line that attempted to reorder kinship relations and definitions of nationality and indigeneity; as an ambiguous zone of control where goods and people moved through colonial power structures and inability to regulate or fathom the Indigenous world that existed before the border. Hoy argues the Canada-U.S. border developed differently from the U.S.- Mexico border “because of American perceptions of cultural similarity and military prowess” (p. 6). The... You do not currently have access to this content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.056 | 0.038 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".