Energy-Efficient Joint Broadcast-Unicast Communications via Aerial RIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a joint broadcast-unicast downlink communication framework implementing layered-division multiplexing (LDM) and aerial reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), and develops a corresponding design with a focus on energy efficiency. Maximization of the energy efficiency is achieved by jointly designing the optimal active beamforming at the base station and the passive beamforming at the aerial RIS. The non-convex optimization is solved using a two-stage algorithm. The active beamforming is designed by using low-complexity zero-forcing for the unicasting service and successive convex approximation based on the first-order Taylor series expansion for the broadcasting service, and the RIS phase shifting is designed with semi-definite programming. Comparative results are provided, and show that the proposed LDM-based RIS-assisted joint broadcast-unicast communication framework is more energy efficient than the joint broadcast-unicast via time-division multiplexing or amplify-and-forward relaying.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".