Living craniids: preliminary molecular evidence of their inter-relationships
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a Bayesian maximum likelihood analysis of three concatenated gene sequences from a wide, but sparse, collection of craniiform brachiopods. The results fall into five clades, four with Novocrania-like and one with Neoancistrocrania-like morphology. The Neoancistrocrania-like clade unites some specimens from near Japan with authentic Neoancistrocrania from the Norfolk Ridge (SW Pacific) and appears, in this analysis, to be the sister group of the North Atlantic-Western Mediterranean clade. The five Novocrania-like clades comprise specimens from (1) the North Atlantic and West Mediterranean including the Tyrrhenian Sea; (2) the East Mediterranean and Caribbean; (3) the Weddell Sea, the southeast Pacific and near Japan; (4) near Vancouver Island (east Pacific) and near Taiwan; and (5) New Zealand (North Island). In addition, one technically dubious result appears to associate a specimen from the Campbell Plateau with the North Atlantic clade. The East Mediterranean-Caribbean clade may reflect ancestral dispersal via Tethys. Reasons are given for disregarding the previous informal attribution to Craniscus japonicus of Japanese Novocrania-like specimens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".