Lake aging concept revisited: alternative comprehensive approach to lake ontogeny
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The only available theoretical model explaining the natural development of lakes is a set of assumptions underlying the so-called lake aging concept (LAC). It incorrectly states that with time, lakes age and are inevitably and unidirectionally subject to eutrophication processes. In its most radical version, it misidentifies eutrophication, i.e., an increase in productivity resulting from enrichment in nutrients, with progressive disappearance of lakes over geological timescales due to the filling of the basin with sediment. To this day, LAC assumptions are referred to in various sources, including scientific articles, the Internet, official government documents, as well as teaching materials, all despite a critical approach to this concept presented in several publications, including limnology textbooks. This article, for the first time, presents the history of creation of LAC and an analysis of its main assumptions. A new alternative approach to explain lake ontogeny is also proposed, based on the current knowledge from several environmental sciences, including limnology, physical geography, and paleoecology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".