Endothelial Function in Youth With Bipolar Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) confers risk for accelerated atherosclerosis and early cardiovascular disease (CVD). In adults, mood symptom burden is associated with CVD. Here we examine endothelial dysfunction, considered an early predictor of CVD, in relation to mood states and symptoms among youth with BD. criteria. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a measure of endothelial function, was assessed non-invasively via pulse amplitude tonometry (PAT). RHI was compared across 4 groups: BD-euthymic (n = 34), BD-depressed (n = 36), BD-hypomanic/mixed (n = 44), and HC (n = 95) controlling for age, sex, and obesity. Analyses also examined for RHI-mood associations in the overall BD group. = .006, β = 0.26), but not depression scores. All analyses remained significant in sensitivity analyses further controlling for cardiovascular risk factors and for current lithium, second-generation antipsychotic, and any medication use. We found that symptomatic youth with BD have anomalous RHI, which varies according to mood polarity. Future studies in larger samples, with prospective repeated measures, should investigate whether endothelial dysfunction partially subserves the psychiatric symptoms and cardiovascular risk observed in BD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".