Canadian debate over streaming services moves venues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance C-18, a second, related bill that would require internet companies to compensate Canadian journalistic enterprises for use of their content, is currently before a Senate committee but is also expected to become law as the Online News Act. Both bills have proven controversial, taking longer than expected to complete the parliamentary process. Impacts Established Canadian journalism will be helped by the Online News Act and local news operations, in particular, should benefit. Public outrage will subside as it becomes clear that the bills do not, as critics claim, regulate the content of online speech. Facebook, Google and other large platforms may still protest, but will eventually reach favourable terms with Canadian media companies. The CRTC will quickly become one of the most powerful regulators in the country. If the Conservatives win the next election, they will revisit the two acts to mollify their base but are unlikely to scrap them entirely.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.040 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".