Design and performance of a repetition rate controllable and wavelength tunable L + U-band actively mode-locked erbium fiber laser
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mode-locked lasers draw great interest in the laser research field due to their diverse applications and easy achievement of ultra-short and high-intensity optical pulse trains. Actively mode-locked (AML) fiber lasers are more flexible compared to passively mode-locked fiber lasers owing to their ability to control repetition rates and pulse intervals electronically. The design and development of wavelength tunable AML fiber lasers operating beyond the C-band have attracted great attention from the research community. In this paper, a repetition rate controllable and wavelength tunable L+U-band AML erbium fiber laser (AML-EFL) based on a single standard 1480 nm pump laser and Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) as an intra-cavity intensity modulator is demonstrated using numerical simulation. The AML-EFL is created using a MZM driven by electrical Gaussian pulses and a tunable optical bandpass filter that is used to tune the laser cavity at any wavelength in the 1565–1645 nm range. The repetition rate of the AML-EFL is controlled from 500 kHz to 1 GHz. Trains of pulses with pulse widths of 103 ns and 50 ps and pulse intervals of 2 µs and 1 ns are successfully generated at repetition rates of 500 kHz and 1 GHz, respectively. A pulse energy of 626 nJ is obtained for a 500 kHz repetition rate. Signal-to-noise ratios of 30 and 32 dB are observed for trains of mode-locked pulses with repetition rates of 500 kHz and 1 GHz, respectively. In addition, slope efficiencies of around 66% for an L-band wavelength of 1582.1 nm and 30% for a U-band wavelength of 1633.6 nm are obtained considering the optimized parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".