Serum copper, zinc and copper/zinc ratio in relation to survival after breast cancer diagnosis: A prospective multicenter cohort study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The essential trace elements copper and zinc, and their ratio (copper/zinc), are important for maintaining redox homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that these elements may impact breast cancer survival. However, no epidemiological study has so far been conducted on the potential association between copper and copper/zinc levels and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between serum copper, zinc and copper/zinc levels and survival following breast cancer diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network - Breast Initiative (SCAN-B) is a population-based cohort study including multiple participating hospitals in Sweden. A total of 1998 patients diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer were followed for approximately nine years. Serum levels of copper and zinc and their ratio at the time of diagnosis was analyzed in relation to breast cancer survival using multivariate Cox regression, yielding hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: = 0.01). No overall associations were seen between serum copper or zinc levels on their own and survival after breast cancer diagnosis, although a tendency toward lower breast cancer survival was seen for higher copper levels and lower zinc levels. CONCLUSION: There is evidence that the serum copper/zinc ratio provides an independent predictive value for overall survival following breast cancer diagnosis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it