Tongue-flicking: an idiosyncratic displacement behaviour in a free-ranging and urban-dwelling population of Balinese long-tailed macaques
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This brief report describes the occurrence of an idiosyncratic behaviour, labelled tongue-flicking, that was performed by one subadult male long-tailed macaque living in a free-ranging population in Bali, Indonesia. Tongue-flicking may serve a similar purpose as a displacement behaviour in which the subject sticks his tongue out of his mouth and moves it either slightly up and down or in and out without bringing it all the way back into the mouth. Additionally, while abnormal behaviours in non-human animals are almost exclusively reported in captive individuals, the investigation of idiosyncratic behaviours such as tongue-flicking allows us to explore the potential occurrence of abnormal behaviours in free-ranging populations. This preliminary descriptive analysis of tongue-flicking aims to highlight the need for understanding the motivational bases and affective implications (e.g., welfare) of abnormal behaviours in captive and free-living animals.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it