Extensional Collapse of Orogens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The extensional collapse of an orogenic belt occurs when the gravitational potential energy in thickened crust is released by spreading laterally. Collapse may occur during shortening and mountain building (synorogenic collapse) or after a change in plate dynamics terminates mountain building and results in divergence (postorogenic collapse). In collisional orogens like the Cenozoic Himalaya–Tibet or Paleozoic Appalachian systems, collapse typically starts tens of millions of years after crustal thickening. The lag between thickening and collapse is related to the time it takes for radiogenic heat to accumulate within thickened crust. Heating causes partial melting and high metamorphic temperatures at mid-crustal levels, which enhances ductile flow. The Southern Appalachian Orogen underwent extensional collapse near the end of the continent-continent collisions that formed Pangea. Collapse occurred during the Carboniferous-Permian and was accompanied by high-temperature–low-pressure metamorphism, partial melting of midcrustal rocks, and magma emplacement. Extension was accommodated by a southeast dipping detachment fault system that developed near the location of the Laurentia-Gondwana suture with the Triassic South Georgia rift in the hanging wall.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".