Cortical thickness and cognitive decline in Parkinson patients with deep brain stimulation in the MARK-PD study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are associated with cognitive impairment. We aimed to evaluate whether regional cortical thickness is associated with cognitive decline in patients with advanced PD treated with DBS. From the MARK-PD study, 32 patients with DBS implantation were included. Cortical thickness of 148 brain areas and cognitive function were assessed with MRI data using the FreeSurfer pipeline and Montreal Cognitive Assessment at baseline and follow-up (median 17 months), respectively. Adjusted linear and Cox regression models were calculated. Thinner orbitofrontal, cingulate, and occipito-temporal cortices as well as cuneus is related to significant cognitive decline. Moreover, lower thickness of these cortices is also associated with faster cognitive decline. Our study suggests that PD patients treated with DBS and lower cortical thickness in multiple brain regions develop at stronger and faster cognitive decline during the later course of the disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".