Opioid Dispensing After Cesarean Delivery in British Columbia: A Historical Cohort Analysis From 2004 to 2019
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth. 2022;69:997–1006) Opioids have been overprescribed in North America, including in the field of obstetrics, over the past two decades. Cesarean delivery (CD) is the most common inpatient surgery performed in Canada and opioids are commonly prescribed at discharge to post-CD patients. In 2008, a warning was issued by Health Canada against the use of codeine in mothers who were breastfeeding. A recent study based in the United States found that opioid prescribing practices varied most by the hospital, rather than current recommendations or patient factors. This study used the Surgical Quality Outcome Reports (SQOR) study and the SQOR Extension Study to identify post-CD prescribing patterns among hospitals, hospital type, and hospital location, to inform quality improvement efforts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".