Opioids for Cesarean Delivery Under General Anesthesia and Neonatal Outcome: A Historical Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
( Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth. 2022;69:1017–1024)) While general anesthesia (GA) is not the preferred technique for cesarean delivery (CD), due to the risk of gastric aspiration, it is sometimes used for emergent delivery or in the setting of contraindications to neuraxial anesthesia. Opioids are often used in nonobstetric populations during anesthesia to attenuate the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy. In pregnant patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, opioids are used to avoid exaggerated sympathetic responses to intubation. However, beta-blockers, vasodilators, or magnesium are considered just as effective in stabilizing blood pressure as opioids in this population. Since opioids are associated with an increased risk of neonatal respiratory depression, their use in GA for cesarean is not common. This study aimed to describe the current use of opioids during GA for CD, find potential predictors of opioid use in pregnant patients, and investigate the association between opioid use and neonatal outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".