Bibliographic record
Abstract
Determining cryptic species and diversity in at-risk species is necessary for the understanding and conservation of biodiversity. The endangered Banff Springs Snail, Physella johnsoni, inhabits seven highly specialized thermal springs in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. However, it has been difficult to reconcile its species status to the much more common Physella gyrina using ecology, morphology and genetics. Here we used pooled whole-genome sequencing to characterize genomic variation and structure among five populations of P. johnsoni and three geographical proximate P. gyrina populations. By comparing over two million single nucleotide polymorphisms, we detected substantial genetic distance (pairwise FST of 0.27 to 0.44) between P. johnsoni and P. gyrina, indicative of unique gene pools. Genetic clusters among populations were found for both species, with up to 10% for P. johnsoniand 30% for P. gyrina of genetic variation being explained by population structure. P. johnsoni was found to have lower genetic diversity compared to P. gyrina, however, no patterns of were observed between genetic diversity and population minimums. Our results confirm that designation of P. johnsoni as an endangered species is warranted and that both P. johnsoniand P. gyrina exhibit microgeographic population genomic structure suggestive of rapid local adaptation and/or genetic drift within environments. This study showcases the utility of genomics to resolve patterns of cryptic species and diversity for effective conservation management. Future studies on the functional genomic diversity of P. johnsoni populations are needed to test for the possible role of selection within this thermal spring environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.124 | 0.098 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".