Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Implicit neural representation (INR) networks are emerging as a powerful framework for learning three-dimensional shape representations of complex objects. These networks can be used effectively to implicitly model three-dimensional geological structures from scattered point data, sampling geological interfaces, units, and orientations of structural features, provided appropriate loss functions associated with data and model constraints are employed during training. The flexibility and scalability of these networks provide a potential framework for integrating new forms of related geological data and knowledge that classical implicit methods cannot easily incorporate. We present a methodology using an efficient INR network architecture, called GeoINR, consisting of multilayer perceptrons (MLP) that advance existing implicit methods for structural geological modelling. The developed methodology expands on the modelling capabilities of existing methods using these networks by: (1) including unconformities into the modelling, (2) introducing constraints on stratigraphic relations as well as global smoothness along with their associated loss functions, and (3) improving training dynamics through the geometrical initialization of learnable network variables. These three enhancements enable the modelling of more complex geology, improved data fitting characteristics, and reduction of modelling artifacts in these settings, as compared to existing INR frameworks for structural geological modelling. A provincial scale case study for the Lower Paleozoic portion of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) in Saskatchewan, Canada is presented to demonstrate the modelling capacity of the MLP architecture using the developed methodology. Modelling results illustrate the method’s capacity to fit noisy datasets, represent unconformities, and implicitly model large regional scale three-dimensional geological structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.022 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.276 | 0.228 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".