The impact of excessive epicardial adipose tissue accumulation on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults without cardiac disease: a cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Background/Introduction Excessive epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with worse exercise capacity and is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Few studies have explored the relationship between EAT, cardiorespiratory fitness in men and women without cardiovascular disease. Purpose To investigate the association between EAT, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity levels in asymptomatic men and women of variable degree of adiposity. Methods A total of 239 participants (43% women) free from cardiovascular disease who underwent concurrent quantification of EAT volume assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance and a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) (VO2peak [ml/kg/min]) were studied. Physical activity levels/intensity were measured by questionnaire and using pedometer. Participants were categorized into low-EAT, moderate-EAT, and high-EAT groups on the basis of EAT volume. Results Mean age of participants was 49.8 ± 8.3 years, BMI 26.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (15% with obesity), waist circumference 89 ± 11 cm, visceral adipose tissue volume 91.3 ± 51.3 cm3, and EAT volume 9.8 ± 3.1 cm3. EAT volume decreased with increment in cardiorespiratory fitness in men and women of variable adiposity (p<0.05). Men and women with high-EAT had worse cardiometabolic profile (visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, dysglycemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia), and lower cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) than those with low-EAT (all p<0.05). Physical activity levels were comparable across EAT tertiles (p=NS). The association between EAT and cardiorespiratory fitness was no longer significant after controlling for visceral adiposity. Conclusions In men and women of variable degree of adiposity, excessive EAT accumulation is associated with visceral adiposity and worse cardiorespiratory fitness. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the interplay between EAT and cardiorespiratory fitness, and the development of obesity-related heart failure features.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".