A novel foaming technique to develop functional open‐cell polylactic acid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a solvent‐free polylactic acid (PLA) open‐cell porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering using compression molding and a new chemical foaming compound, that we named CFCO. The latter is composed of a blend of PLA and azodicarbonamide (ADA) as a chemical foaming agent, with the addition of chitosan‐grafted PLA (CS‐g‐PLA) copolymer at various concentrations. The novelty of this approach is that during the foaming, that is, during the decomposition of the ADA foaming agent, the CS‐g‐PLA copolymer is projected toward the surface of the pores and strongly adhere there, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. The results showed that at 6.90 wt% of CS‐g‐PLA copolymer, the immobilization of the latter on the surface of the pores led to a 52% increase in cell proliferation compared to the pure PLA control sample and a 26% increase compared to scaffolds that had 10 wt% of CS‐g‐PLA copolymer dispersed throughout the entire PLA matrix.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".