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The Effectiveness and Efficacy of Prescribed Diacetylmorphine (Heroin) in Reducing Drug-related Harm

2023· book-chapter· en· W4378218098 on OpenAlex
Jeanette M. Bowles, Nazlee Maghsoudi MGA, Samantha Young, Sarah Griffiths, Gillian Kolla

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueBENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · 2023
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicOpioid Use Disorder Treatment
Canadian institutionsUniversity of VictoriaSt. Michael's Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHeroinMethadoneMedicineOpioidBuprenorphineHarm reductionIntensive care medicineDrugPharmacologyAnesthesiaPublic healthInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Opioid overdoses have dramatically increased throughout the past 20 years. Overdoses and other harms associated with the use of the unregulated opioid supply have resulted in a consortium of approaches to reduce drug-related harms, which for decades has included heroin-assisted treatment, although there remains widespread reticence to implement this approach in spite of ample evidence to support its effectiveness. Heroin-assisted treatment is often reserved for persons who have attempted standard opioid agonist treatments - such as methadone - unsuccessfully in order to be eligible for heroin-assisted treatment in countries and regions where available. To date, heroin-assisted treatment is only available in nine countries, mostly in Europe. Heroin-assisted treatment has higher retention rates than other forms of opioid agonist treatments, is cost-effective, reduces overdose morbidity and mortality, and improves public order. Nonetheless, regulatory structures impede its implementation. The present chapter herein presents further details of the evidence on heroin-assisted treatment and newer treatment modality iterations, such as injectable opioid agonist treatment and safe opioid supply programs. <br>

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.813
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.263
Teacher spread0.246 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it