Concomitant effects of orchiectomy and intermittent hypoxia on hepatic oxidative stress, expression of flavin-containing monooxygenases and transcriptomic profile in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Intermittent hypoxia induces oxidative stress and alters hepatic metabolism, likely underlying the association of sleep apnea with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In male patients with sleep apnea, metabolic or liver diseases, the levels of testosterone are reduced, and in patients with metabolic diseases, low levels of testosterone are associated with oxidative stress. To assess potential interactions between testosterone and IH on hepatic oxidative stress we used sham-operated or orchiectomized (ORX) mice exposed to normoxia (Nx) or IH (6% O 2 , 12 cycles/h, 12h/day) for 2 weeks. The activity of prooxidant (NADPH oxidase – NOX), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase – SOD, Cat, GPx), lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration) and the total concentration of glutathione (GSH) were measured in liver. IH induced a prooxidant profile of enzyme activity (lower SOD activity and higher NOX/SOD and NOX/Cat activity ratio) without altering hepatic MDA and GSH content. Using RNA sequencing followed by a pathway enrichment analysis we identified putative hepatic genes underlying the interactions between IH and testosterone. ORX and IH altered the expression of genes involved in oxidoreductase activities, cytochromes dependent pathways, and glutathione metabolism. Among the genes upregulated in ORX-IH mice, the flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) are particularly relevant since these are potent hepatic antioxidant that could help prevent overt oxidative stress in ORX-IH mice. Graphical Abstract
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".