Mapping QTL for vernalization requirement identified adaptive divergence of the candidate gene <i>Flowering Locus C</i> in polyploid <i>Camelina sativa</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Vernalization requirement is an integral component of flowering in winter-type plants. The availability of winter ecotypes among Camelina species facilitated the mapping of QTL for vernalization requirement in C. sativa . An inter- and intraspecific crossing scheme between related Camelina species, where two different sources of the winter-type habit were used, resulted in the development of two segregating populations. Linkage maps generated with sequence-based markers identified three QTL associated with vernalization requirement in C. sativa ; two from the inter-specific (chromosomes 13 and 20) and one from the intra-specific cross (chromosome 8). Notably, the three loci were mapped to different homologous regions of the hexaploid C. sativa genome. All three QTL were found in proximity to FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ), variants of which have been reported to affect the vernalization requirement in plants. Temporal transcriptome analysis for winter-type Camelina alyssum demonstrated reduction in expression of FLC on chromosomes 13 and 20 during cold treatment, which would trigger flowering, since FLC would be expected to suppress floral initiation. FLC on chromosome 8 also showed reduced expression in the C. sativa ssp. pilosa winter parent upon cold treatment, but was expressed at very high levels across all time points in the spring-type C. sativa . The chromosome 8 copy carried a deletion in the spring-type line, which could impact its functionality. Contrary to previous reports, all three FLC loci can contribute to controlling the vernalization response in C. sativa and provide opportunities for manipulating this requirement in the crop. Significance Statement Developing winter C. sativa germplasm is an important breeding goal for this alternative oilseed, with application in the food, fuel and bioproduct industries. Studying the genetic architecture of the vernalization response has shown that contrary to previous reports all three FLC loci in Camelina species could be exploited to manipulate this important trait.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".