Effects of brood viability and rising temperature on oxygen consumption of freshwater mussel glochidia (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unionid mussels are imperiled worldwide. Understanding the impacts of thermal and hypoxia stress on larval (glochidia) and adult physiology is critical for understanding the potential impacts of climate change. We tested whether brood viability (proportion of glochidia competent to attach to a host) was correlated with oxygen demand (MO2), ability to regulate oxygen consumption (regulation index (RI)), and/or critical dissolved oxygen concentration (DOcrit). We then examined the effects of temperature on MO2, RI, and DOcrit. The results were coupled with a previous study to estimate the fraction of brooding female oxygen demand comprised of glochidial respiration. We found little evidence that respiratory patterns of glochidia changed with declining brood viability, but strong evidence for decreasing glochidial RI and increasing DOcrit with increasing temperatures. Glochidial respiration temperature coefficient ( Q10) values were approximately 2–3× those estimated for brooding females, indicating greater temperature sensitivity. The proportion of gravid female respiration comprised of glochidial respiration reached its maximum at temperatures (23–28 °C) coinciding with brood expulsion. These patterns suggest high temperatures may have deleterious effects on unionids by decreasing the hypoxia tolerance of glochidia, increasing the rate at which glochidia deplete energy reserves, and increasing the proportion of oxygen consumption by gravid females that is comprised of glochidial oxygen demand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".