Anchor conditions for estimated unsaturated shear strength functions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the mid-1990s, several empirical unsaturated shear strength equations have been proposed for use in geotechnical engineering practice. Most of the equations have been based on information associated with the measured drying soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) in combination with the effective shear strength parameters of the saturated soil. There have been few studies, however, undertaken on verifying and comparing the suitability of the proposed unsaturated shear strength equations. This study involves consideration of a wide range of possible drying SWCCs plotted as a relationship between the degree of saturation and suction (saturation soil-water characteristic curve ( S-SWCC)). The study forms the basis for comparing five methodologies that have been proposed for the estimation of the shear strength of unsaturated soils. The SWCCs are defined by the fitting parameters for the Fredlund and Xing (1994) sigmoidal equation. This study supports the use of unsaturated soil shear strength empirical estimation methods using the S-SWCC anchor points of air-entry value and residual suction of the soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.033 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".