Preface to the Third Edition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
I prepared the second edition of I Have Lived Here Since the World Began (2005) in the immediate aftermath of the landmark Regina v. Powley decision, which was the first Métis rights case to reach the Supreme Court of Canada.Although I had been involved at the trial level as an expert witness on behalf of the defendants, Steve and Rodney Powley, it was not yet clear to me in 2004 what the long-term impact of Powley would be for Canadian Aboriginal rights law generally and for the Métis in particular.Likewise, its implication for Native history was uncertain.In 2009, as we prepare the third edition, now titled An Illustrated History of Canada' s Native People, it is clear that one immediate and continuing effect has been a flood of rights claims by communities of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry, making Métis rights litigation one of the most active and innovative areas of Aboriginal law in Canada since 2002.Claimants are from the vast and loosely defined domain of the historic Métis Nation, which reached from the upper Great Lakes, across the Prairies, to the Mackenzie River Valley and the Rocky Mountains.Claimants also are from lands beyond that vast territory that are not normally associated with the historic Métis.Jean Teillet, who was lead council for the Powley defendants, has continued to play a leading role in this ongoing litigation.She also is a role model and mentor to Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people who are involved in the field of Canadian Aboriginal rights.While pushing the boundaries of Aboriginal law, Powley also has stimulated a massive research effort that is altering our understanding of Native history.This is because the ruling raised fundamental historical and contemporary questions that arise from coast to coast: who is Métis in the eyes of Canadian law?Where and how did Métis communities emerge?What were their varied cultural and economic characteristics?What were the spatial parameters of these communities?How did they interact with their First Nations relatives and neighbours?Have historic Métis communities survived to the present day?What implications does Métis rights litigation have for our understanding of First Nations history in the post-contact era?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.387 | 0.235 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".