Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ythe end of 1914, the war on the Western Front had reverted to siege warfare on an endless line of trenches that stretched from the Swiss border to the English Channel near the Belgian coastal town of Nieuport.Along an endless line of misery and death it is hard to pick favourites, but the British trenches around the old Belgian cloth town were among the worst -one of the ironies of victory.Desperate to defeat France so that they could concentrate on Russia in 1915, the German generals had thrown all their available forces against the British but, at the cost of half their small but highly motivated regular army, the British had squeezed out a defensive victory.Germans remembered the First Battle of Ypres as a Kindermorde, the death of thousands of poorly trained but sacrificial college students; for the British high command, the blood-soaked Flanders mud was sacred to the memory of sons, brothers and friends killed in a valiant struggle.At every point of the Flanders battlefield the Germans held the heights, pouring artillery fire, grenades and their own sewage on the British below.British trench lines remained feeble because the British high command refused to allow improvements on lines that they intended to abandon after their Spring offensive.When that offensive came, in April 1915, the Germans seized both the strategic and the scientific initiative, deploying chlorine gas to spread panic and retreat.Once again the British held the line at heavy cost, shared by the raw troops of Canada's First Division, but their situation at the end of the offensive was even worse than when it began.When the local commander, General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, proposed withdrawing to a far superior position in the rear, he was promptly dismissed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.792 | 0.792 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".