The effects of chloride and sulphate on the growth of sulphide films on copper in anoxic sulphide solutions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The corrosion of copper in chloride‐ and sulphate‐containing solutions containing sulphide (ranging from 5 × 10 −5 M to 10 −3 M) was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the structure and physical properties of the copper sulphide deposits (Cu 2 S) were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. At low [SH − ], a porous and non‐protective deposit was formed, and the low corrosion rates were limited by sulphide transport, partially within the deposit and partially in the bulk of the solution. At higher [SH − ], the corrosion rates were much higher and initially more rapid in chloride‐containing than in sulphate‐containing solutions, suggesting a direct role for chloride in the interfacial corrosion process. When the copper sulphide deposit thickened, the rate became limited by Cu I transport within the more compact and more crystalline deposit formed. Changes in the morphology of the deposit suggest that chloride adsorption on the surfaces of the deposit inhibited the incorporation of Cu 3 S 3 clusters, transported from the corroding copper surface, into the growing crystals.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it