A Low-Phase-Noise 8 GHz Linear-Band Sub-Millimeter-Wave Phase-Locked Loop in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-phase noise and wideband phased-locked loops (PLLs) are crucial for high-data rate communication and imaging systems. Sub-millimeter-wave (sub-mm-wave) PLLs typically exhibit poor performance in terms of noise and bandwidth due to higher device parasitic capacitances, among other reasons. In this regard, a low-phase-noise, wideband, integer-N, type-II phase-locked loop was implemented in the 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS process. The proposed wideband linear differential tuning I/Q voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) achieves an overall frequency range of 157.5–167.5 GHz with 8 GHz linear tuning and a phase noise of −113 dBc/Hz @ 100 KHz. Moreover, the fabricated PLL produces a phase noise less than −103 dBc/Hz @ 1 KHz and −128 dBc/Hz @ 100 KHz, corresponding to the lowest phase noise generated by a sub-millimeter-wave PLL to date. The measured RF output saturated power and DC power consumption of the PLL are 2 dBm and 120.75 mW, respectively, whereas the fabricated chip comprising a power amplifier and an integrated antenna occupies an area of 1.25 × 0.9 mm2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".