A Low-Phase-Noise 8 GHz Linear-Band Sub-Millimeter-Wave Phase-Locked Loop in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-phase noise and wideband phased-locked loops (PLLs) are crucial for high-data rate communication and imaging systems. Sub-millimeter-wave (sub-mm-wave) PLLs typically exhibit poor performance in terms of noise and bandwidth due to higher device parasitic capacitances, among other reasons. In this regard, a low-phase-noise, wideband, integer-N, type-II phase-locked loop was implemented in the 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS process. The proposed wideband linear differential tuning I/Q voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) achieves an overall frequency range of 157.5–167.5 GHz with 8 GHz linear tuning and a phase noise of −113 dBc/Hz @ 100 KHz. Moreover, the fabricated PLL produces a phase noise less than −103 dBc/Hz @ 1 KHz and −128 dBc/Hz @ 100 KHz, corresponding to the lowest phase noise generated by a sub-millimeter-wave PLL to date. The measured RF output saturated power and DC power consumption of the PLL are 2 dBm and 120.75 mW, respectively, whereas the fabricated chip comprising a power amplifier and an integrated antenna occupies an area of 1.25 × 0.9 mm2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".