The Impact of Small-Scale Oil Palm Plantation Development on the Economy Multiplier Effect and Rural Communities Welfare
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the multiplier effect of small-scale oil palm plantations and the welfare of the community in rural areas during the first cycle. This developmental research conducted in Indonesia's largest oil plantation area, the Riau Province. Data were collected from farmers using the rapid rural appraisal technique through participatory approach. The data was analyzed to determine the regional economic multiplier number and the social welfare growth index. The results showed the magnitude of the multiplier effect index impacts the welfare index of rural communities. Oil palm farmers in rural areas have a more stable economy, and their consumption style follows the urban communities in creating an attitude of pride. The average family income of small-scale oil palm was more than five times bigger than non-oil palm farmers. In an effort to accelerate the economy in rural areas, especially in oil palm-producing areas in Indonesia, government policies related to pricing at the farm level are urgently needed to have an impact on increasing the income of small-scale farmers in rural areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".