The relationships between Canadian firms' lobbying activities and their market and accounting performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objectives are to highlight the nature and scope of lobbying activities carried out by Canadian firms, and analyse the link between these activities and firm market and accounting performance indicators. Data on companies listed on the S&P/TSX index were analysed, covering the period from 2009 to 2018, inclusive. The main findings show that 26.6% of the firms under study have engaged in lobbying, with this proportion consisting, on average, of larger firms. The two industries at the forefront of these activities were mining, oil and gas, and manufacturing. Most of the lobbying activities under study focused on economic and multiple issues. While bivariate analyses (ANOVA and correlations) show that these activities in their scope and nature are significantly related to market and accounting performance indicators, multivariate GLM analyses demonstrate that only the variable 'number of salaried lobbyists' is positively and significantly linked to accounting and market performance indicators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".