Amino acid permease RcAAP1 increases the uptake and phloem translocation of an L-valine-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid conjugate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amino acid conjugates of pesticides can promote the phloem translocation of parent ingredients, allowing for the reduction of usage, and decreased environmental pollution. Plant transporters play important roles in the uptake and phloem translocation of such amino acid-pesticide conjugates such as L-Val-PCA (L-valine-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid conjugate). However, the effects of an amino acid permease, RcAAP1, on the uptake and phloem mobility of L-Val-PCA are still unclear. Here, the relative expression levels of RcAAP1 were found to be up-regulated 2.7-fold and 2.2-fold by the qRT-PCR after L-Val-PCA treatments of Ricinus cotyledons for 1 h and 3 h, respectively. Subsequently, expression of RcAAP1 in yeast cells increased the L-Val-PCA uptake (0.36 μmol/107 cells), which was 2.1-fold higher than the control (0.17 μmol/107 cells). Pfam analysis suggested RcAAP1 with its 11 transmembrane domains belongs to the amino acid transporter family. Phylogenetic analysis found RcAAP1 to be strongly similar to AAP3 in nine other species. Subcellular localization showed that fusion RcAAP1-eGFP proteins were observed in the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells and phloem cells. Furthermore, overexpression of RcAAP1 for 72 h significantly increased the phloem mobility of L-Val-PCA in Ricinus seedlings, and phloem sap concentration of the conjugate was 1.8-fold higher than the control. Our study suggested that RcAAP1 as carrier was involved in the uptake and phloem translocation of L-Val-PCA, which could lay foundation for the utilization of amino acids and further development of vectorized agrochemicals.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".