Complete power cycle exhaust heat regeneration and the second law of thermodynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A closed condensing power cycle using tetrafluoromethane or R14 and a solid solute as its working fluid is described. The inclusion of a solid solute that yields a positive excess enthalpy of solution with the R14 creates a potential for complete exhaust heat regeneration. The solution reaction provides a temporary thermal reservoir for the cycle's low temperature exhaust heat until that energy is regenerated as heat by retrograde solubility during the cycle's high temperature and low density expansion phase. A slow solute dissolution rate in the solvent's low density state near the cycle's high temperature enables the cycle to utilize all of the regenerated exhaust heat either as work output or by exhausting surplus heat at a second temperature level. The cycle's thermodynamic path establishes solvent property reference points that can be used to determine the maximum positive excess enthalpies of solution required for a solvent to accomplish total exhaust heat regeneration when used as the cycle's working fluid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".